2. Cancer
About 39 per cent of women and 44 per cent of men in Canada will develop cancer in their lifetimes, according to the Canadian Cancer Society. In 2004, more than 68,000 Canadians died of cancer with lung cancer, colorectal cancer and breast cancer taking the most lives.
What is cancer?
The millions of cells that make up your body are controlled by genes within each cell that are ordered to grow, work, reproduce or die. When your cells follow these orders, everything is fine, but when they get mixed up, the cells can form lumps or tumours, or spread through the bloodstream and lymphatic system. When tumours become cancerous (malignant), they can spread to -- and attack -- nearby tissues and other parts of the body.
Symptoms of cancer
While cancer symptoms, such as the ones listed below, are specific to different kinds of cancer, it's important to note that the following signs do not positively indicate a cancer diagnosis. However, if you experience these symptoms, you should consult with your doctor.
Lung cancer symptoms:
- A new cough or changes to your cough
- Breathing problems and frequent lung infections
- Increased or bloody phlegm
- Hoarseness, trouble swallowing or chest pain
- Fatigue, weight loss or lack of appetite
Colorectal cancer symptoms:
- A change in your regular bowel habits
- Blood in your stool or stools that are narrower than normal
- Stomach discomfort, including gas pains, bloating and cramping
- Weight loss, fatigue and vomiting
Breast cancer symptoms:
- Lump or swelling in armpit and/or breast
- Changes in breast, including size, shape and skin texture
- Nipples that are inverted or have crusting or scaling on them
Preventing cancer
According to the Canadian Cancer Society, people can prevent at least half of all cancers with lifestyle habits:
- Don't smoke and avoid exposure to second-hand smoke
- Eat a high-fibre, low-fat diet, including plenty of fruits and vegetables, and limit your alcohol intake to no more than two drinks a day
- Exercise regularly
- Reduce your sun exposure, particularly between 11 a.m. and 4 p.m., and wear sunscreen every day
- See your doctor for regular cancer screening based on your age and family history, and any time you notice a change in your health
- Follow safety guidelines when using, storing or disposing of hazardous materials
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